Which of the following is a sign of fluid overload?

Hypertension is a prominent sign of fluid overload because it occurs when there is an excess volume of fluid in the vascular system, which increases the pressure on the arterial walls. When the heart pumps this increased volume of fluid, the blood pressure rises, leading to hypertension. This condition is particularly relevant in patients undergoing hemodialysis, as fluid management is critical to their treatment.

While anemia, hyperparathyroidism, and changes in skin turgor can be relevant in various clinical settings, they do not directly indicate an overload of fluid within the body. Anemia relates more to a deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin, hyperparathyroidism is associated with an imbalance of calcium and phosphorus levels, and changes in skin turgor are more often indicative of dehydration or various skin conditions rather than fluid overload. Thus, hypertension is the most direct indicator of fluid overload in this context.