What does a fistula specifically connect in hemodialysis patients?

In hemodialysis patients, a fistula is a surgical connection made specifically between an artery and a vein. This connection allows for increased blood flow to the area, which is crucial for effective dialysis treatment. The artery, which carries oxygen-rich blood away from the heart, provides a high-pressure flow, while the vein, which returns deoxygenated blood to the heart, has lower pressure. The creation of a fistula enables the blood to flow easily from the artery into the vein, allowing for access during hemodialysis.

Fistulas are preferred for dialysis access due to their durability and lower risk of complications compared to other forms of access. They can withstand the higher blood flow required for dialysis and are less likely to become infected compared to other access types such as grafts or central venous catheters. Understanding the anatomy and physiology behind this procedure is essential for properly managing patients undergoing hemodialysis.