During patient assessment, reddened and warm skin over a fistula may indicate which of the following?

Reddish and warm skin over a fistula is a clinical sign that is often associated with infection. When the skin appears reddened, it typically indicates inflammation or irritation, which can result from the body's immune response to an infectious agent. The warmth of the skin is also a common symptom of infection, as increased blood flow occurs in the area as the immune system works to fight off pathogens.

In the context of hemodialysis, monitoring the condition of the fistula is critical since any signs of infection can lead to complications such as systemic infection or sepsis. Recognizing these symptoms promptly allows for early intervention, which is essential in maintaining the integrity of the vascular access and the overall well-being of the patient.

While conditions such as a hematoma, aneurysm, or infiltration may present with various signs and symptoms, they typically do not specifically involve the characteristic reddening and warmth that signify infection. For instance, a hematoma may present with swelling or bruising but usually lacks the warmth associated with an active infection. An aneurysm may involve a palpable “thrill” or a noticeable bulge but is not characterized by redness or heat. Infiltration, while it can lead to swelling and discomfort, typically shows signs such as pallor